As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies continue to advance, protecting human autonomy and promoting ethical decision-making are essential to fostering trust and accountability. Human agency (the capacity of individuals to make informed decisions) should be actively preserved and reinforced by AI systems. This paper examines strategies for designing AI systems that uphold fundamental rights, strengthen human agency, and embed effective human oversight mechanisms. It discusses key oversight models, including Human-in-Command (HIC), Human-in-the-Loop (HITL), and Human-on-the-Loop (HOTL), and proposes a risk-based framework to guide the implementation of these mechanisms. By linking the level of AI model risk to the appropriate form of human oversight, the paper underscores the critical role of human involvement in the responsible deployment of AI, balancing technological innovation with the protection of individual values and rights. In doing so, it aims to ensure that AI technologies are used responsibly, safeguarding individual autonomy while maximizing societal benefits.
Category: Branislav Radeljić, Ph.D.
Branislav Radeljić, Ph.D.
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Whole-Person Education for AI Engineers: Presented to CEEA (Peer Reviewed)
This autoethnographic study explores the need for interdisciplinary education spanning both technical an philosophical skills – as such, this study leverages whole-person education as a theoretical approach needed in AI engineering education to address the limitations of current paradigms that prioritize technical expertise over ethical and societal considerations. Drawing on a collaborative autoethnography approach of fourteen diverse stakeholders, the study identifies key motivations driving the call for change, including the need for global perspectives, bridging the gap between academia and industry, integrating ethics and societal impact, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. The findings challenge the myths of technological neutrality and technosaviourism, advocating for a future where AI engineers are equipped not only with technical skills but also with the ethical awareness, social responsibility, and interdisciplinary understanding necessary to navigate the complex challenges of AI development. The study provides valuable insights and recommendations for transforming AI engineering education to ensure the responsible development of AI technologies.
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Canary in the Mine: An LLM Augmented Survey of Disciplinary Complaints to the Ordre des ingénieurs du Québec (OIQ) (Peer Reviewed)
This study investigates disciplinary incidents involving engineers in Quebec, shedding light on critical gaps in engineering education. Through a comprehensive review of the disciplinary register of the Ordre des ingénieurs du Québec (OIQ)’s disciplinary register for 2010 to 2024, researchers from engineering education and human resources management in technological development laboratories conducted a thematic analysis of reported incidents to identify patterns, trends, and areas for improvement. The analysis aims to uncover the most common types of disciplinary incidents, underlying causes, and implications for the field in how engineering education addresses (or fails to address) these issues. Our findings identify recurring themes, analyze root causes, and offer recommendations for engineering educators and students to mitigate similar incidents. This research has implications for informing curriculum development, professional development, and performance evaluation, ultimately fostering a culture of professionalism and ethical responsibility in engineering. By providing empirical evidence of disciplinary incidents and their causes, this study contributes to evidence-based practices for engineering education and professional development, enhancing the engineering education community’s understanding of professionalism and ethics.
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What We Do Not Know: GPT Use in Business and Management
This systematic review examines peer-reviewed studies on application of GPT in business management, revealing significant knowledge gaps. Despite identifying interesting research directions such as best practices, benchmarking, performance comparisons, social impacts, our analysis yields only 42 relevant studies for the 22 months since its release. There are so few studies looking at a particular sector or subfield that management researchers, business consultants, policymakers, and journalists do not yet have enough information to make well-founded statements on how GPT is being used in businesses. The primary contribution of this paper is a call to action for further research. We provide a description of current research and identify knowledge gaps on the use of GPT in business. We cover the management subfields of finance, marketing, human resources, strategy, operations, production, and analytics, excluding retail and sales. We discuss gaps in knowledge of GPT potential consequences on employment, productivity, environmental costs, oppression, and small businesses. We propose how management consultants and the media can help fill those gaps. We call for practical work on business control systems as they relate to existing and foreseeable AI-related business challenges. This work may be of interest to managers, to management researchers, and to people working on AI in society.
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Easy to read, easier to write: the politics of AI in consultancy trade research
AI systems have been rapidly implemented in all sectors, of all sizes and in every country. In this article, we conduct a bibliometric review of references in recent consultancy reports on AI use in business, policymaking, and strategic management. The uptake of these reports is high. We find three positive factors: focus on client-facing solutions, speed of production, and ease of access. We find that the evidentiary quality of reports is often unsatisfactory because of references-clubbing with other consultancy reports, references to surveys without transparency, or poor or missing references. To optimize the utility of consultancy reports for decision-makers and their pertinence for policy, we present recommendations for the quality assessment of consultancy reporting on AI’s use in organizations. We discuss how to improve general knowledge of AI use in business and policymaking, through effective collaborations between consultants and management scientists. In addition to being of interest to managers and consultants, this work may also be of interest to media, political scientists, and business-school communities.
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UAE Abaya Fashion: From Cover to Prestige (and Social Liberalization)
This paper examines the power of the UAE abaya. Moreover, it is concerned with the exploitation of luxury in the pursuit of social status and the attainment of greater freedom within an authoritarian context. As will be argued, the abaya has transitioned from serving the state in the process of identity formation to becoming a non-state actor capable of challenging dominant strictures and providing for policy alternatives. However, while the new or revamped abaya has contributed to self-actualization and made taboo topics more visible, it is also important to note that some Emiratis or minority groups may end up being excluded from this largely luxury-driven process. For the leadership, this could create an unenviable situation, particularly when considering the potential rift between the promises outlined in the state vision and the prerequisites needed for its implementation. With this in mind, the present analysis is also intended to assist policymakers working on tolerance and social cohesion, as well as those striving to position the UAE as a major point of reference in global affairs.
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Mediatized discourses on Europeanization in Spain
Political and media polarization has had a detrimental impact on democratic principles and democratic processes on a
global scale. In Europe, such polarization has eroded the trust in national and European institutions and has challenged the
basic values that stand at the heart of the European integration project. The aim of this study is to analyze Spanish media discourses on Europeanization, with an attempt to identify key areas in which polarizing narratives related to Europeanization
are more prevalent. To conduct our study, six national media outlets were selected based on four criteria: media format,
ownership, ideology, and consumption. A final sample of 540 news items collected between July 2021 to March 2022 was
selected for analysis. Using a qualitative methodological approach, the study was carried out in two stages. In the first
phase, we conducted a content analysis to identify the main topics discussed in relation to the European Union and the
actors represented in them. This led to the identification of polarizing narratives and discourses emerging in the context
of the discussed topics. In the second phase, we used critical discourse analysis to analyze polarizing discourses. -
Power Preservation, No Matter the Means: Populism and Conspiracy Theory as Instruments of Political Consolidation in Serbia
This article examines the Serbian political leadership—the president and government alike—by addressing the dominant political figures’ narratives. We communicate with the theoretical aspects in the study of populism and conspiracy theories as this nexus enables us to examine the specific nature of the domestic politics in Serbia. In our view, the ruling elite complements its populist discourse with conspiracy theory to ensure its survival in power, by regularly generating fear about the threat posed to Serbian statehood and lack of apprehension for Belgrade’s geopolitical preferences and exploration of foreign policy alternatives. Our analysis fills a major gap in the literature, since there has been only sporadic research on this topic and none of it has focused on the merger of populism and conspiracy theory. The findings we have reached—largely those of the elite’s self-victimization narratives and their dissemination of anti-Western sentiments—provide for a fresh contribution to the debate concerning the power struggle and the state of democracy in Serbia, especially given the fact that the key political stakeholders draw heavily on pro-regime media outlets to readily disseminate their self-serving accounts.
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AI between Democracy and Authoritarianism
The perversion of democracy has advanced somuch that it has become a caricature of itself.Many of the features associated with authoritarian regimes—nepotism and corruption, major inequalities and abuses of human rights, as well as the provision of a havenfor war profiteersand business criminals—are also associated with officially-labeled democratic environments. Even though democracy is superior to other regimes in terms of “self-correction” as prompted by the principles of “evaluation, political competition, and freedom of expression,” democracies have regularly trapped themselves in policies that expose bigotryanddouble standards. For example, while the West (the US, in particular) supported non-democratic regimes in its fight against Communism during the Cold War, the EU’s involvement in the Arab Spring has opened questions about whether it has eventually assisted authoritarian instead of democratic rule. Therefore, it seemsperfectly fine that the controversial FIFA awardsthe hosting of the World Cup to both democratic and authoritarian regimes, or that theNorwegian Nobel Committee repeatedly awards the Peace Prize to individuals or supranational entities with dubious performance vis-à-vis democratic postulates.
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AI as a New Public Intellectual?
In a dialogue with ChatGPT, I asked if it could be considered a public intellectual.
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Louvre Abu Dhabi as a State Project: A Museum, a New Ministry, and the Politics of Culture
As the first universal museum in the Arab world, Louvre Abu Dhabi (LAD) aims to cover all aspects of human history, promoting inclusivity and openness. Despite being hailed as a symbol of tolerance and intercultural dialogue, some shortcomings and valid criticisms are evident. This study explores LAD’s artistic and political roles, as well as its contribution to social cohesion and the United Arab Emirates’ (UAE’s) readiness to address broader issues in line with the UAE Centennial Plan 2071. The analysis also delves into the responsibilities of cultural initiatives, the challenges of operating within an authoritarian context, and the necessity for policy reconsideration to achieve the UAE’s ambitious visions. The fact that LAD has undoubtedly served state interests highlights its limitation in engaging with the broader mission of museums—to address often-unpleasant political and socioeconomic matters. Moreover, the article asserts that constructive exchanges about critical issues should be embraced as opportunities rather than threats; suppressing these discussions through censorship and fear undermines the potential for growth and understanding. Thus, the study calls for a balanced approach where cultural institutions like LAD can foster dialogue and contribute meaningfully to the social and political landscape of the UAE.
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From Crisis Management to the crisis of management: Accountability and Liberal Democracies in the Outbreak of the Covid-19 Pandemic
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic shocked societies around the world. In their efforts to tailor their responses to the crisis to their own conditions for survival, from the outset governments tended to resort to arguments that limited accountability before their populations. Liberal democracies were no exception to this approach. In this context, their leaders used the metaphor of war to describe their position as guarantors of the population’s survival in the face of the new threat. Caught between uncertainty and the need to predict the nature and evolution of the invisible enemy, their responses called into question the political, professional and personal responsibility of leaders. This article offers a reflection on the level of responsibility of governments in liberal democracies in managing the pandemic. During the crisis, decision-makers tended to be driven by the narratives that were most beneficial to them in order to escape their responsibilities, thereby underpinning their short-term political needs through the use of bellicose metaphors, the blame game, competition with other countries, and the dispersion of sources in the decision-making process. This reality now calls for reflection by social actors, including experts, intellectuals and the media, to transcend the prevailing rhetoric in management of the pandemic and the “new normal” that followed, so that the dynamics of constant alterations in the rules of the game and responsibilities can give way, in the future, to a scenario with less arbitrariness and more accountability.